Top 25+ Verilog Interview Questions and Answers for 2024

Top Verilog Interview Questions for 2024

1. What are Verilog parallel case and full case statements?

Parallel Case

It is a statement that matches only one case item. Otherwise, it becomes overlapping case items.

Full Case

It is a statement where binary patterns case expressions match a case item or a default.

2. Differentiate between == and ===.

3. Differentiate between Verilog and VHDL

4. What does wire refer to?

It is a physical connection between structural elements that enable Verilog to function. A continuous assignment or gate output denotes its value. A wire cannot store value when there is no connection between a and b. The Default value of a wire is Z.

5. What is reg in Verilog?

The reg represents the abstract data storage element. It is also called a register type integer, real and real-time. Its value is assigned within an always or an initial statement. The default value of reg is X.

6. What are Blocking and non-blocking in Verilog?

The blocking assignment completes the entire statement before the control goes to the following statement. It behaves similarly to older programming languages. It is symbolized as =.

A non-blocking assignment evaluates the right-hand side for the current time unit and the left-hand side later at the end of the time unit. It is symbolized as <=.

7. Differentiate between Task and Function.

8. What is the Sensitivity list?

It specifies the list of the signals one wants to cause the code during the process to be evaluated when it changes its state.

9. Explain $monitor, $display and $strobe.

• These commands have similar syntax and show text on the screen during simulation.
• $display and $strobe appear once when executed.
• $monitor appears every time a parameter is changed.

10. What is transport delay?

This delay is caused by the wires connected with gates. The signal is due to the wire’s resistance and inductance.

11. What is the inertial delay?

The delay caused by the output change happens in the gate.

12. What are the ways of writing FSM code?

• All input decoders, output decoders, and present states are combined in one process.
• Where sequential and combinational circuits are separated in different processes.
• Where input decoder and present state are combined, but output decoders are separated.
• Where all three inputs are separated into three processes.

13. Explain deposit and force command

Deposit 

This command is used to give an initial value to a signal. But it will hold it until it is overwritten. For example, depositing 1 to a flip-flop will remain the same until simulation changes it to a new value.

Force

It is used to drive signals at any time stamp of the simulation.

14. Explain freeze and drive

Freeze

It is used to put a value on a signal. Value remains the same throughout the simulation.

Drive

It puts value on a signal but changes to a new value when updated by a simulation. 

15. What does timescale 1 Ns/1 Ps mean?

It means all delays are interpreted in nanoseconds, and fractions are rounded off to the nearest picosecond.  

16. Between variable and signal, which will be updated first?

The signal will be updated first. 

17. What are the features of VHDL?

Very High-speed integrated circuit HDL describes and simulates the system before making it into a digital one. Its features are

• Complexity management
• Design data portability
• Independent of technology
• Efficient and less time consuming
• Readability

18. What is PLI?

It is the Programming Language Interface used for enabling C programming in Verilog. It performs multiple tasks

• Passing data
• Altering and returning object value in the design hierarchy
• Accessing simulator database
• Monitoring alterations in the design hierarchy 

19. What is a continuous assignment?

When inputs of the right-hand side drive the left-hand side, it is a continuous assignment. It also means that changing the right side will change the whole equation. The target is wire driven by right-hand side inputs. It is used to synthesize combination logic.

20. Explain the repeat loop.

It is similar to the loops of a common programming language. It repeats a code for the number of times mentioned within the code. It reduces the redundancy in code lines.

Syntax 

Repeat(<no. of times the loop should run>) <statement should be repeated >

21. What is Virtual and Pure virtual function in Verilog?

22. What are Semaphores?

It controls access to shared resources. It is used for mutual exclusion, primary synchronization, and accessing control of shared resources. It can be viewed as a bucket with several keys during its creation. The Execution process requires one of the keys.

23. What is the Factory and Factory pattern?

A factory creates different objects for a prototype. It is done By calling the corresponding constructor when different classes are registered with the factory.

The Factory pattern directly creates an object without calling the constructor method. It allows the use of polymorphism for object creation. 

24. What is Callback?

A callback is when a function calls another function taking the first one as an argument. It is used when an event happens. It includes calling back a function

• to inject errors on transactions
• To train depending on transactions
• In the event of a specific occurrence

25. What is DPI called?

The Direct programming interface is a bridge between system Verilog and any other foreign programming language like Python. It ensures direct inter-language function calls doing languages on both sides of the interface. It supports both functions and tasks across the boundary.

26. What is Parameter and Typedef in Verilog?

A parameter is a constant value within the module structure used to define various attributes for the module. It also characterizes the behavior and physical representation of the module.

Typedef Enables users to craft unique names for type definitions for frequent use in their codes. They are easily used while building technical array definitions.

27. Explain some uses of Clocking Blocks

Clocking Block is used for

• Specifying synchronization characteristics of a design
• Testbench driving the signals at the right time
• Cleaning the drive and sample design and race-free operations in specific applications

28. What is the need for an Alias in Verilog?

An alias statement offers a bidirectional and short circuit connection. Usually, a Verilog has a one-way assign statement which may have delay and strength changes for unidirectional assignment.

FAQs

1. What are the data types in Verilog?

Data types are used to represent the data storage and transmission elements that are found in digital hardware. These are of 2 types NETS and REGISTERS.

They can attain any value.

2. What is Verilog used for?

Uses of Verilog

•       To model electronic systems
•       Designing and verifying digital circuits
•       Verification of analog circuits and mixed-signal circuits
•       Designing genetic circuits

3. What software is used for Verilog?

Some of the Verilog Simulators are

4. What is RTL in Verilog?

RTL is the Register transfer level. It means Verilog code describes data transformation as it passes register to register. This transformation is done by combination logic that exists between registers.

Conclusion 

Verilog is a vast subject with numerous questions. The questions given above will give a wide knowledge of the concepts of Verilog that will help you in clearing your interview. Prepare these questions with other useful Practical knowledge before going for the interview. If you are looking to further enhance your skills in the software development domain and become job ready, we highly recommend Simplilearn’s Post Graduate Program in Full Stack Web Development. This will not only help you hone key skills but also make you job-ready.

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