Web applications and websites are increasing in every industry, and CSS is essential to building attractive websites. Currently, there is a tremendous demand for web developers who have a good knowledge of HTML and CSS. To build a career in web design, candidates need to crack interviews that ask CSS interview questions. 

Understanding various concepts, such as selectors, layout techniques, and responsive design principles, is essential when preparing for CSS-related interviews.

In this article, we have consolidated a list of CSS interview questions and divided the questions into four sections: basic CSS interview questions, intermediate CSS interview questions, advanced CSS interview questions, and frequently asked CSS interview questions. This list would be helpful for both experienced professionals and freshers. Let us start with this CSS interview questions guide.

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CSS Interview Questions For Freshers

Let us begin with the basic CSS interview questions!

1. Name some CSS frameworks. 

CSS frameworks are libraries that make web page styling easier. Some examples are Foundation, Bootstrap, Gumby, Ukit, and Semantic UI. 

2. What do you understand by the universal sector?

A universal selector matches the name of any element type instead of selecting elements of a particular type.

Example:

<style>
* {
   color: blue;
   font-size: 10px;
}
</style>

3. Tell us about the use of the ruleset.

The ruleset is used to identify selectors, which can be attached to other selectors. The two parts of a ruleset are:

  • Declaration block: contains one or more semicolon-separated declarations
  • Sector: indicates the HTML element needed to be styled
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4. What are the elements of the CSS Box Model?

The CSS box model defines the layout and design of CSS elements. The elements are content (like text and images, padding (the area around content), border (the area around padding), and margin (the area around the border). 

5. Differentiate between CSS3 and CSS2.

The main difference between CSS3 and CSS2 is that CSS divides different sections into modules and supports many browsers. It also contains new General Sibling Combinators responsible for matching similar elements. 

6. How can CSS be integrated into an HTML page?

There are three ways of integrating CSS into HTML: using style tags in the head section, inline styling, writing CSS in a separate file, and linking to the HTML page by the link tag.

7. Explain a few advantages of CSS. 

With CSS, different documents can be controlled using a single site, styles can be grouped in complex situations using selectors and grouping methods, and multiple HTML elements can have classes. 

8. What is meant by RGB stream?

RGB represents colors in CSS. The three streams are namely Red, Green, and Blue. The intensity of colors is represented using numbers 0 to 256. This allows CSS to have a spectrum of visible colors. 

9. What was the purpose of developing CSS?

CSS was developed to define websites' visual appearances. It allows developers to separate the structure and content of a website, which was not possible before. 

10. What is the difference between a class and an ID?

Ans. Class is a way of using HTML elements for styling. It is not unique and has multiple elements, whereas ID is unique and can be assigned to a single element. 

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Intermediate CSS Interview Questions

In the next section, let us learn some intermediate-level CSS interview questions!

1. Define z-index.

This is one of the most frequently asked CSS interview questions. Z-index is used to specify the stack order of elements that overlap each other. Its default value is zero, and it can take both negative and positive values. A higher z-index value is stacked above the lower index element. It takes the following values- auto, number, initial, and inherit. 

2. What are the benefits of CSS Sprites?

With CSS sprites, loading multiple images is not an issue. 

  • Blinking is not seen. 
  • Advanced downloading of assets does not take place until needed. 

3. How can you target h3 and h2 with the same styling?

Multiple elements can be targeted by separating with a comma:

h2, h3 {color: red;}

4. Name media types allowed by CSS.

The different media types allowed by CSS are: 

  • speech
  • audio
  • visual
  • tactile media
  • continuous or paged media
  • grip media or bitmap
  • interactive media

5. How can you use CSS to control image repetition?

The background-repeat property is used to control the image. Example:

h3 {

background-repeat: none;

 }

6. Tell us about the property used for image scroll controlling.

The background-attachment property sets whether the background image is fixed or scrolls with the rest of the page. Example for a fixed background image:

body {
  background-image: url(‘url_of_image’);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-attachment: fixed;
}

7. Name some font-related CSS attributes. 

The font-related attributes are Font- style, variant, weight, family, size, etc. 

8. Define contextual selectors.

In CSS, contextual selectors allow developers to specify styles for different parts of the document. Styles can be assigned directly to specific HTML tags or created as independent classes and assigned tags to them. 

9. Explain responsive web design. 

Responsive Design is a web page creation approach that uses flexible images, layouts, and CSS media queries. This design approach aims to build web pages that detect visitors' orientation and screen size so that the layout can be changed accordingly.

10. Tell us about the general CSS nomenclature.

In CSS, the styling commands are written in value and property fashion. CSS includes a system terminator—a semicolon. The entire style is wrapped in curly braces and attached to the selector. This creates a style sheet that can be applied to an HTML page.

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11. What are the limitations of CSS?

  1. CSS does not always guarantee compatibility with every browser; you need to be cautious when choosing the style selector.
  2. The parent selector tag is not available; thus, you can’t select the parent selector tag.
  3. Some selectors can lead to cross-browser issues due to their less browser-friendly behavior.
  4. We cannot request a webpage through CSS.

12. How to include CSS in the webpage?

  1. A link tag allows you to include an external style sheet file as a CSS file in your HTML file.
  2. You can add CSS styles to your HTML page and write it in the stand-alone stylesheet form of CSS.
  3. CSS can be included directly in the HTML tag by adding an inline style to HTML elements.
  4. One can import an external stylesheet file as a new CSS file by using the @import rule. 

13. What are the different types of Selectors in CSS?

Universal Selector, Element type Selector, ID selector, Class selector, Descendant combinatory, Child Combinator, General Sibling Combinator, Adjacent sibling combinator, and Attribute selector.

14. What is a CSS Preprocessor? What are Sass, Less, and Stylus? Why do people use them?

CSS preprocessor is a tool that enhances basic functionality and allows us to use complex logical syntax, such as variables, functions, mixins, and code nesting, within vanilla CSS scripts.

  1. Sass (Syntactically Awesome Style Sheets) uses .sass extension. It is used for indentation; it doesn’t use semicolons or curly brackets.
  2. Less (Leener Stylesheets) uses .less extension. Adding to any JavaScript Project is easy by using NPM or less.js file. Here, @ is used to define the variables. 
  3. Stylus provides great flexibility in writing syntax. It can use native CSS and exclude brackets, colons, and semicolons. There is no need to use @ or $ to define the variables.

People use SASS, LESS, and Stylus to extend the basic functionality of vanilla CSS.

15. What is VH/VW (viewport height/ viewport width) in CSS?

VH and VW are CSS units used to measure viewport height and width, respectively, in percentage form in responsive design techniques. For example, if the browser's height is 1000px, then VH is 1/100 of the height of the viewport, which is 1000px*(1/100) = 10px, which is the browser's height. The same applies to VW (viewport width).

16. What is the Difference between reset vs normalized CSS? How do they differ?

  1. Reset CSS removes all built-in styles in the browser, such as paddings, margins, and font sizes. It can be reset using all the elements.
  2. Normalize CSS is used to make all built-in styles in the browser consistent and correct bugs as per varying browsers.

17. What is the difference between inline, inline-block, and block?

  1. Block Elements are <div> and <p>. They usually start on a new line and can take space for an entire row or width.
  2. Inline elements are <a>, <span>, <strong>, and <img> tags. They don't start on a new line. However, they appear on the same line as the content and tags beside them.
  3. Inline block elements have padding and margins and set height and width values. Though, they are similar to inline elements. 

18. Is it important to test the webpage in different browsers?

Yes, it is the most crucial trial to do when you design a webpage and make changes to it for the first time. Testing your website periodically in different browsers will help you make every webpage compatible with it, as browsers have undergone many updates.

19. What are Pseudo classes?

Pseudo-classes are pseudo-elements that don’t exist in a normal document tree. It allows selecting the regular elements under certain conditions, especially when we try to hover over the link; the anchor tags are :link, :visited, :hover, :active, :focus

In this example, the color will be red on the anchor tag when it’s hovered.

/* mouse over link */

a:hover {

color: #FFOOFF;

}

20. How do you specify units in the CSS? What are the different ways to do it?

The CSS mainly uses four different units: px, em, pt, and percentage (%).

  1. Px (Pixel) is used for fine-grained control and alignment, not cascade. To get it sharp, we can use 1px or multiple of px.
  2. Em is used to maintain relative size and responsive fonts. 1em = 16px, which is also the same font size. In common practice, it is advisable to set the font size to 10px.
  3. Pt (point) is a fixed-size unit that is used in print. 1pt = 1/72 inch.
  4. Percentage (%) is used to set the font size relative to the font size of the body. Thus, it is necessary to set a reasonable font size for the body.
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21. Does margin-top or margin-bottom have an effect on inline elements?

No, mMargin-top or margin-bottom does not affect the inline elements.

22. What property is used for changing the font face?

The font-family property is used to change the font face that is applied to the element in the DOM.

23. What are the differences between adaptive design and responsive design?

Adaptive Design

  • Main focus is to develop a website in multiple fixed layout sizes.
  • Offers good control over the design to develop variation in screens.
  • Building the best possible adaptive design is very time-consuming and requires a lot of effort, as examining it will require considering many options with respect to the realities of the end user.
  • There are six standard screen sizes for the appropriate layouts: 320px, 480px, 760px, 960px, 1200px, and 1600px.

Responsive Design

  • Main focus is to show content concerning browser space.
  • Offers less control over the design.
  • The design takes less time to build, and there is no screen size issue regardless of content.
  • It uses CSS media queries to design the screen layouts for specific devices and property changes.

24. How are the CSS selectors matched against the elements by the browser?

Initially, there is a filtration of elements in the DOM via browsers concerning key selectors that are traversed until we get the parents' elements to determine the matches. Then, the browser works on finding all the span elements present in the DOM and traverses them to parent elements to check whether they match paragraph p elements. At last, when the browser finds all matches as parents, the matching process will be stopped, and a black color will be applied to the content.

25. How is the border-box different from the content box?

Border boxes consist of properties such as content, padding, and the border with respect to height and width. However, Content boxes are a default value property used for box-sizing. It also helps to add a border and padding to give the box proper height and width without having border and padding properties.

26. How is opacity specified in CSS3?

Opacity measures content transparency. It ranges from 0 to 1. Value 1 means the content is completely opaque and not supported by the internet browser. Also, 60% opacity applies in the div section, where we need to apply the filter property (polyfill) to make it completely opaque.

27. What is cascading in CSS?

Cascading is defined as the process of style declaration and its weight, which helps the browser select the styling rules with respect to time.

28. When does DOM reflow occur?

DOM reflow occurs when you insert, move, update, remove, and animate the elements in the DOM, as well as when you modify the page's content and style.

29. Different Box Sizing Property?

Content-box, Padding-box and Border-box

30. How do you center align a div inside another div?

A div inside another div A is center aligned with the help of aligning div property to content via HTML script and CSS to the element in the DOM.

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31. What is the grid system?

The CSS grid system is a powerful layout for 2-dimensional systems with respect to columns and rows.

32. What are the different ways to hide the element using CSS?

display: none, visibility: hidden, position: absolute

33. What does the: root pseudo-class refer to?

The: root selector pseudo-class refers to the CSS selector level 3. It helps to target the highest-level parent element present in the DOM.

34. What does Accessibility (a11y) mean?

Accessibility is making the system accessible so that the website should have text-to-speech capability for people with physical disabilities, designed using software or hardware combinations.

35. How do I restore the default value of a property?

keyword “initial” is used to restore the default value of a property.

36. Difference between CSS grid vs flexbox?0

  1. CSS Grid Layout is a two-dimensional system along with rows and columns. It is used for large-sized layouts.
  2. Flexbox is a Grid layout with a one-dimensional system either within a row or a column. It is used for an application's components.

37. How does Calc work?

Calc can be used to specify the result of the mathematical operation of two or more elements. For example to specify the width elements by the addition of two or more elements, we can write as

.foo {

Width: calc(100px+50px)

}

38. What do CSS Custom properties variables mean?

CSS Custom properties variables are defined for CSS variables as well as cascading variables with specific values that can be reused.

39. What is the difference between CSS variables and pre-processor (SASS, LESS, Stylus) variables?

  1. CSS variables don’t need a pre-processor. It is cascaded, accessed, and manipulated in JavaScript.
  2. Preprocessor variables don’t cascade.

40. What does * { box-sizing: border-box; } do? What are its advantages?

Box-sizing: The border box provides the inner dimension for the elements in the document by providing padding and a border with respect to the height and width of the content.

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41. What does !important mean in CSS?

The style “!important” in the CSS has the highest precedence. Also, the cascaded property will be overridden with it.

42. What is progressive rendering? How do you implement progressive rendering on the website? What are its advantages?

Progressive rendering is the process of improving the performance of a webpage for loading time to display the content speedily. The use of loading the lazy loading of the image with the help of Intersection Observer API via viewport. 

43. Does style1.css have to be downloaded and parsed before style2.css can be fetched?

No. The CSS file will be downloaded via browser in order to appear on the HTML page.

44. How to determine if the browser supports a certain feature?

@support tag in the CSS is used to scan and determine whether the browser supports a certain feature or not.

45. How does absolute positioning work?

Absolute positioning is used to place the element which is then removed from the HTML document from the normal workflow without creating any space for the element in the HTML page layout. The element can be positioned respectively to the closest positioned ancestor; otherwise, if the ancestor is not found, the element is placed with respect to the initial container box. The values provided to the top, right, left and bottom determine the final position of the element.

46. Does this property work overflow: hidden?

Overflow: The hidden property is used to specify the content’s clipping. We need to add scrollbars to the content area when the specified container size exceeds the content limit where the content gets enclosed. This makes the content invisible via clipping, and the overflow value will also be hidden.

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Advanced CSS Interview Questions

Here are some advanced CSS interview questions!

1. When should you use translate () instead of absolute positioning?

Translate is a CSS transform value. On changing opacity or transform, browser reflow or repaint is not triggered. Transform requires the browser to create a GPU layer for elements but using the CPU changes absolutes positioning properties. Translate () is more efficient and results in shorter paint times. On using translate (), element occupies original space, unlike in changing absolute positioning. 

2. Name different ways to position some aspects in CSS. 

The positioning property specifies the positioning method type. The five different position values are fixed, static, absolute, sticky, and relative. The elements are positioned using top, left, right, and bottom properties. These properties need to be set first, and they work depending on position value. 

3. What are mixins?

A mixin is similar to a function block of code returning a single value—mixin output lines of Sass code that directly compiles into CSS styles. At the same time, the function returns a value that becomes the value for a CSS property or something that can be passed to another mixin.

4. How can you optimize the webpage for prints?

Identify and control 'content areas' of the website. A website generally has a footer, header, sidebar, navbar, and main content area. Most of the work is done by controlling the content area. So, conquer print media without changing the website's integrity by using page breaks, creating a stylesheet for print, size your page for print, and avoid unnecessary HTML tables.  

5. What is meant by CSS working under the hood?

When a browser displays a document, it combines style information and document content. The document is processed in two stages:

  • Conversion of HTML and CSS into Document Object Model
  • DOM displays contents of browser

6. Differentiate between the use of ID selector and class selector.

ID Selector:

<style>
{
text-align: right;
color: blue;
}
</style>

CSS class Selector:

<style>
.right {
text-align: right;
color: blue;
}
</style>

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7. Tell us about CSS float property.

The float property of CSS positions an image to the right or left as needed, including text wrapping around it. All properties of elements used before it remain unchanged. 

8. What do you understand by pseudo-elements?

Pseudo-elements provide special effects to some selectors. CSS is used to apply styles in HTML markups. If additional markup or style is not feasible for a document, pseudo-elements help by allowing extra markup without interfering with the original document. 

9. Differentiate between logical and physical tags.

Logical tags mainly focus on content and are older than physical ones. In terms of aesthetics, logical tags are not used much, while physical ones are. 

10. How media types in CSS work?

The four types of media properties are print, speech, and screen. Example of using print-media type: 

@media print {

h2 {

background-color: blue;

 }

}

11. What does the CSS overflow property do?

The overflow property in CSS controls how bigger content is handled. It decides whether to clip the content or add scrollbars to the element. The property can have the following values:

  • Visible: Content is not clipped and can overflow outside the element box.
  • Hidden: Content is clipped, and the overflow is not visible.
  • Scroll: The content is clipped, but scrollbars are added so the user can view the rest of the content.
  • Auto: A scrollbar is added automatically when the content overflows.

12. What are the differences between overflow-x and overflow-y in CSS?

The overflow-x and overflow-y properties differ simply:

  • Overflow-x controls the overflow of content on the horizontal axis.
  • Overflow-y controls the overflow of content on the vertical axis.

These properties allow for more specific control over how content overflows in different directions.

13. Is it possible to overlap elements in CSS, and how?

In CSS, it is possible to overlap elements. One simply applies the position property (either absolute, relative, or fixed). The stacking order of these items is controlled by the z-index property, which establishes which element is displayed first when they overlap.

Syntax for z-index: 

z-index: auto | number | initial | inherit;

14. What are the types of Floating properties?

The types of floating properties in CSS:

Property Value

Description

left

Floats the element to the left of its containing block.

right

Floats the element to the right of its containing block.

none

Default value. The element does not float.

inherit

The element inherits the float property from its parent.

Example:

.element-left {

  float: left;

}

.element-right {

  float: right;

}

.element-none {

  float: none;

}

15. How does CSS image reflection effect work?

CSS image reflection is an effect that allows you to create a mirrored or reflective image beneath the original image, simulating a reflection on a surface like glass or water. This effect is achieved using CSS properties like box-reflect, transform, or using pseudo-elements.

Example (using transform for a simple reflection effect):

<div class="image-container">

  <img src="image.jpg" alt="Image" class="reflect">

</div>

.image-container {

  position: relative;

}

.reflect {

  display: block;

  width: 100%;

  transform: scaleY(-1); /* Flip the image vertically */

  opacity: 0.5; /* Make it look like a reflection */

  filter: blur(2px); /* Optional: Add a blur effect to the reflection */

  position: absolute;

  top: 100%;

  left: 0;

}

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16. How does the filter: blur property enhance the realism of a CSS image reflection?

It applies a blur effect to the reflection, making it appear more like a reflection on water or glass.

17. What are CSS counters properties?

CSS counters properties are used to create and manage numerical values that can be used for automatic numbering or sequencing in a document. The main CSS counter properties are as follows:

  1. counter-reset: Resets a counter to a specified value (default is 0).
  • Syntax: counter-reset: myCounter;
  • counter-increment: Increments the counter's value.
    • Syntax: counter-increment: myCounter;
  • content: Used to display the value of a counter using counter() or counters() functions.
    • Syntax: content: counter(myCounter);

    These properties allow for the initialization, incrementation, and display of counters in HTML elements. It is useful for automatic numbering, such as in ordered lists or section headers.

    18. What is the use of the @import rule?

    One CSS file can be included in another using the @import rule. Stylesheets can be imported into the main stylesheet, and media queries can be used to load styles according to particular screen sizes or device attributes. Any @charset declaration must be immediately followed by the @import rule at the start of the document.

    Key Points about @import:

    • You can import an external stylesheet into your current one using the @import rule.
    • As it supports media queries, you can import stylesheets according to various media conditions, including device kind or screen size.
    • It should always appear before other rules at the top of the CSS file.

    Syntax:

    @import url("stylesheet.css");

    You can also use it with media queries:

    @import url("stylesheet.css") screen and (max-width: 600px);

    19. What is the use of the universal selector in CSS?

    The * selector can be used to select all of the items in an HTML document in CSS. Additionally, it chooses every element that is inside of another element. Another name for it is the universal selector.

    Syntax:

    * {

       // CSS property

    }

    20. What is pagination in CSS?

    In CSS, pagination divides the document into pages by providing specific numbers.

    21. What are the different types of pagination in CSS?

    Some different types of pagination in CSS are:

    Type of Pagination

    Description

    Simple Pagination

    Basic pagination with links for navigation.

    Active and Hoverable Pagination

    Pagination with hover effects and an active page indicator.

    Rounded Active and Hoverable Buttons

    Pagination with rounded buttons that are active and hoverable.

    Hoverable Transition Effect

    Pagination buttons with hover effects and smooth transitions.

    Bordered Pagination

    Pagination with borders around each button.

    Rounded Border Pagination

    Pagination with rounded borders around each button.

    Centered Pagination

    Pagination with items centered within the container.

    Space Between Pagination

    Pagination with space distributed between items.

    Pagination Size

    Pagination with adjustable button size for large or small buttons.

    22. What are attribute selectors in CSS?

    To choose an element with a certain attribute or attribute value, we can use the CSS Attribute Selector. Grouping HTML components according to certain characteristics is a great method to style them, and the attribute selector will choose elements with comparable properties.

    23. What are the different types of attribute selectors in CSS?

    There are many different types of attribute selectors in CSS: 

    Selector

    Description

    [attribute]

    Selects all elements with the specified attribute, regardless of its value.

    [attribute = “value”]

    Selects elements where the attribute has an exact value match with the specified value.

    [attribute~=”value”]

    Selects elements where the attribute contains a list of space-separated values, one of which matches the specified value.

    [attribute|=”value”]

    Selects elements with an attribute containing a hyphen-separated list of values starting with the given value, is a whole word or followed by a hyphen.

    [attribute^=”value”]

    Selects elements where the attribute value begins with the specified value.

    [attribute$=”value”]

    Selects elements where the attribute value ends with the specified value.

    [attribute*=”value”]

    Selects elements where the attribute value contains the specified value anywhere within it.

    24. How can you make a website responsive via CSS?

    Media queries are very important for responsive web design. Hence, it ensures a web page's view varies based on screen or media types. They check the viewport, device width and height, orientation, and resolution. If true, a style sheet is applied. This ensures that the page's viewing experience is according to the device.

    25. What are CSS Animations?

    CSS Animations is a web page technique that alters the appearance and behavior of elements by adjusting their motions or display. It consists of CSS properties and keyframes.

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    26. Give a syntax for CSS Animations.

    1. @keyframes Rule Syntax:

    @keyframes animationName {

        from {

            /* Initial state */

        }

        to {

            /* Final state */

        }

    }

    1. Applying Animation to an Element:

    selector {

        animation: animationName duration timing-function delay iteration-count direction;

    }

    Example:

    @keyframes slide {

        from {

            transform: translateX(0);

        }

        to {

            transform: translateX(100px);

        }

    }

    .element {

        animation: slide 2s ease-in-out 0s infinite;

    }

    27. What are the four main CSS properties used for creating transitions?

    The four main CSS properties used for creating transitions are:

    Property

    Description

    Values

    transition-property

    Defines properties to animate.

    none, all, property

    transition-duration

    Sets the animation time.

    s, ms

    transition-timing-function

    Sets the speed curve of the transition.

    ease, linear, etc.

    transition-delay

    Delays the animation start.

    s, ms

    28. How can you use the shorthand transition property in CSS?

    We can combine all four individual transition properties into one single declaration to use the shorthand transition property in CSS. The order of the values is important.

    Syntax for the shorthand:

    transition: <property-name> <duration> <timing-function> <delay>;

    Tailwind CSS Interview Questions

    Here are some examples of Tailwind CSS interview questions and answers:

    1. Why is Tailwind CSS popular for modern web design?

    Modern web projects require speed, flexibility, and streamlined code. Tailwind CSS is popular for designing and styling web pages efficiently and responsively. Its advantages include rapid development, extensive customization options, reduced CSS file size, and a well-documented, supportive community. 

    2. What does utility-first mean in Tailwind CSS?

    In Tailwind CSS, the ‘utility-first approach’ means it provides a collection of utility classes that allow developers to style elements directly within HTML. There is no need for separate CSS files. This method promotes simplicity and modular design and also enables faster, more efficient development by applying small, reusable classes directly to elements.

    3. How is Tailwind CSS different from other CSS frameworks?

    These are the aspects of Tailwind CSS vs. other frameworks: 

    Feature

    Tailwind CSS

    Other CSS Frameworks

    Core Philosophy

    Utility-first, encourages building custom designs

    Component-based, promotes using pre-designed elements

    Design Control

    Complete control over design; no default styling

    Limited control; predefined styles require overrides

    Setup Complexity

    Simple, but configuration needed for full customization

    Simple, with ready-to-use components

    Customization

    Highly customizable; controlled via config files

    Some customization but limited to theme variables

    Responsive Design

    Built-in responsive utilities; easy custom breakpoints

    Responsive support often limited to specific breakpoints

    Component Flexibility

    Custom components need to be built from scratch

    Comes with fully styled components like navbars, buttons

    File Size Management

    Small size in production with unused CSS purged

    Tends to be larger due to bundled component styles

    Learning Curve

    Moderate; requires understanding of utility classes

    Easy; based on familiar pre-styled components

    Ideal for

    Unique, highly customized designs

    Quick project setup with standard design components

    4. How can you center an image using Tailwind CSS?

    There are different ways to center an image with Tailwind CSS:

    • Using Flexbox: Apply flex, justify-center, and items-center to center an image horizontally and vertically.
    • Using Margin Auto: Apply m-auto along with other positioning utilities if you want a simple, centered alignment.

    5. Do you get overscroll behavior customization through Tailwind CSS?

    Yes, Tailwind CSS provides several classes for overscroll behavior customization. Some examples include:

    • overscroll-auto: Sets default scrolling behavior.
    • overscroll-contain: Limits scroll behavior to the element, preventing scroll-chaining.
    • overscroll-none: Prevents scroll-chaining entirely, stopping scroll overflow at the element's boundary.

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    6. How can you align two elements to the left and right using Tailwind CSS?

    In Tailwind CSS, you can position elements on opposite sides using flex classes. Start by setting the container to flex, then apply justify-between to push one element to the left and the other to the right. Additionally, you can use items-center to vertically center-align the items. The flow-root class is also available to clear floated content within containers, introduced in Tailwind v2.0 or later. For earlier versions, replace flow-root with clearfix for similar layout control.

    7. How do you align form elements to the center using Tailwind CSS?

    To center-align form elements, Tailwind CSS provides the justify-center and items-center properties as alternatives to standard flex properties. Examples of other flex properties for aligning purposes are flex-col, justify-center, and items-center.

    Syntax:

    <div class="flex flex-col justify-center items-center">

        ...

    </div>

    8. What is the way of creating a fixed or sticky header using Tailwind CSS?

    We can use the fixed or sticky classes along with top-0 and inset-x-0 for positioning to create a fixed or sticky header in Tailwind CSS.

    Syntax:

    <header class="fixed top-0 inset-x-0">...</header>

    <header class="sticky top-0 inset-x-0">...</header>

    Ensure the parent element has the relative class for the correct positioning of the sticky header. The fixed class keeps the header at the top while scrolling, whereas sticky makes it stay at the top only when it reaches that position.

    9. How can you style elements based on state in Tailwind CSS?

    State-based styling in Tailwind CSS can be achieved using variant utilities, such as hover, focus, and active.

    Syntax:

    hover:{property}

    focus:{property}

    active:{property}

    Description of Variants:

    • Hover: Styles the element when the user hovers over it.
    • Focus: Styles the element when it has focus (e.g., clicked or tabbed).
    • Active: Styles the element when actively clicked or tapped.

    10. How can you apply the Rotate property to elements with Tailwind CSS?

    Tailwind CSS has different rotation utility classes in store for both clockwise and anti-clockwise rotation.

    • Clockwise Rotation: rotate-0, rotate-1, rotate-2, rotate-3, rotate-6, rotate-12, rotate-45, rotate-90, and rotate-180.
    • Anti-Clockwise Rotation: -rotate-0, -rotate-1, -rotate-2, -rotate-3, -rotate-6, -rotate-12, -rotate-45, -rotate-90, and -rotate-180.

    Syntax:

    <element class="rotate-{degree}">...</element>

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    Frequently Asked CSS Interview Questions

    This last section looks at the most frequently asked CSS interview questions!

    1. Tell us something about CSS3.

    CSS3 is divided into modules and is supported by almost every browser. It introduces many graphics-related characteristics, such as box shadow, Border Radius, and flexbox. A user can create precise multiple background images using properties like background position, background repeat, and background image styles. 

    2. How is a CSS selector used?

    With a CSS selector, we can choose the content we want to style to bridge between HTML files and style sheets. CSS selector syntax is "select" HTML elements created on their class, id, type, etc. 

    3. What are CSS image scripts?

    A group of images placed into one image is a CSS image script. It can reduce load time and project multiple images into a single web page. 

    4. Explain CSS specificity.

    CSS specificity is a rank or score that decides style declaration to be used to an element. ID selectors have high specificity, while universal selector * has low specificity. The four CSS categories that authorize the selector's specificity level are IDs, inline style, elements/pseudo-elements, and classes and attributes. 

    5. Define gradients in CSS. 

    A property of CSS that allows displaying smooth transformation between two or more specified colors. The types of gradients are linear and radial. 

    6. What are the properties of flexbox?

    The properties of flexbox are flex-direction, wrap, flow, content, and align-items, and content. 

    7. Tell us about the use of the CSS Box Model.

    The CSS Box model is a box binding HTML element that includes padding, border, margin, and the actual content. With the box model, we get the authority to add a border all around elements and define space between elements. 

    8. What are the position states in CSS?

    The four-position states in CSS are relative, static, absolute, and fixed. The default position state is static. 

    9. Differentiate between absolute and relative in CSS. 

    The main difference is that relative is used for the same tag in CSS. If we write right:20 px, then padding shifts 20 px in the right. Whereas absolute is relative to the non-static parent, i.e., if we write right:20 px, the result will be 20 px far from the right edge of the parent element.  

    10. What is common between class and ID?

    Both class and ID are used in HTML to assign a value from CSS. The ID is used as an element, whereas the class is used as a block.

    Conclusion

    Mastering CSS is a crucial step toward becoming a well-rounded developer. It forms the foundation for creating visually appealing and user-friendly web applications. By preparing for CSS interview questions, you enhance your technical skills and increase your confidence for job opportunities in web development.

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