The Rise of Merit-Based and Skills-Based Hiring

A Look at Skills-Based Hiring

Skills-based hiring isn’t a freshly minted 21st-century concept. Since World War One, the military has employed aptitude tests to ascertain what skills a recruit brings. The New Options project in New Mexico coined the term in 2012, and Albuquerque, NM launched a skills-based hiring pilot program in 2013.

Skills-based hiring is defined as businesses and organizations’ practice of creating specific skills or competency requirements or targets. These skills and competencies can be traditional cognitive subjects such as reading comprehension or math, or less tangible professional skills, also "soft skills,” like “organized” or “good with people.”

Defining Merit-Based Hiring

We often find the term “merit-based hiring” referenced in conjunction with skills-based hiring. Also known as “selection on merit,” it’s a process of determining which candidates have the abilities, knowledge, and skills considered the most suitable for the job. The merit-based system obliges applicants to compete for the position, which generally includes a written application, selection interview, and any associated testing.

You can make a good argument for skills-based hiring being a subset of merit-based recruitment. The former focuses almost exclusively on the applicant’s skill set, while the latter considers additional factors as well.

Why the Shift?

Degree-based hiring effectively rules out a significant number of candidates, and this is not necessarily a positive thing. According to this policy briefing, an increasing number of jobs once available to candidates with a high school diploma are set aside for candidates with college degrees.

The study also says that degree-based hiring rules out about 70 percent of American adults over the age of 25 who don’t have a degree. There is even a differentiation among pools of degree-possessing candidates, where the business focuses recruitment efforts on Ivy League or other top-tier institutions. This sort of elitism rules out most of the otherwise qualified candidates since only 0.4 percent of American undergraduates attended an Ivy League school.

Degree-based hiring particularly hurts low-income adults and racial or ethnic minorities. Both the Hispanic and African American populations suffer a disproportionately lower number of adults 25-29 years old with Bachelor’s degrees compared to the overall population.

The growing idea is that a college degree is not absolutely necessary to get a good job, nor is it an ironclad guarantee that the graduate will unfailingly find the best job and easily get hired for it. With more people on both sides of the interview table reaching this conclusion, it’s becoming increasingly necessary to consider qualifications beyond merely having a diploma.

This new trend doesn’t mean that there isn’t merit in having a college degree—the shift means that enforcing a degree requirement could potentially deprive a business of an otherwise qualified, hard-working hire. However, today’s potential hire has various alternative resources to acquire the necessary skills for their dream position. There are many new learning paths available today, everything from do-it-yourself independent study to online training and certification programs, economical alternatives that aren’t as time-consuming or restrictive.

How Will This Impact Hiring and Job-Hunting?

As more companies seek to bring more diversity into their workforces, shifting to a skills-based or merit-based hiring model opens up a larger field of applicants, many who doubtlessly possess the skills, drive, and aptitude to excel in the positions equally as their degreed counterparts. By removing the degree requirement, businesses dispense with a filter whose effectiveness was never absolute. Who knows what valuable employees a company may have passed up because the candidate didn’t finish college, or attend it in the first place?

Removing degree-based hiring levels the employment playing field and deserving, qualified candidates have a fair shot at the position.

For those seeking one of those positions, the shift away from degree-based hiring is a boon. A college degree is always a good thing to have. Still, rising education costs and a disconnect between academia and today’s commercial world makes the investment of time and money a bit less rewarding.

After all, if you can bypass college and still get that dream job by taking a few relevant online courses, then why not? The savings of time, energy, and of course, money is immense. A good online certification course also mitigates risk for both parties. If someone wants to become a business analyst, they can take the proper certification courses and learn everything they need. On the other side, the hiring party gets a verifiably certified candidate who has the appropriate skills.

Is This the Way of the Future?

While specific fields and careers will always require extensive training from higher learning (doctors, attorneys, and research scientists spring immediately to mind), the shift away from degree-based hiring will ultimately prove easier on all parties concerned. In a world beset with economic uncertainties ranging from market volatility to global pandemics, any cost-effective measure that guarantees a good hiring fit while not sacrificing quality will be eagerly incorporated.

College educations are good things for those who have the time, opportunity, resources, and inclination. But not everyone has those elements, and companies are waking up to the idea that degree-based hiring is potentially depriving them of qualified candidates. Skills-based hiring is a great equalizer, and no one should be surprised when it becomes the default recruitment method.

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